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What is art therapy? Art therapy helps people to use creativity and self-expression to support their mental health. Learn how it works and more.
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Rayelle Davis is a nationally board-certified counselor, a licensed clinical professional counselor, and a board-certified telemental health provider. She has taught several undergraduate psychology courses and is currently a doctoral candidate at Du…
Art therapy is a tool therapists use to help patients interpret, express, and resolve their emotions and thoughts. Patients work with an art therapist to explore their emotions, understand conflicts or feelings that are causing them distress, and use art to help them find resolutions to those issues.
Art therapy as a discipline began in the 1940s and became more widespread in the 1970s. Like other expressive arts therapy, such as dance therapy or music therapy, it draws on creativity. Discover the pros and cons of art therapy and how it might work for you.
How Art Therapy Works
Many people ask “What is art therapy and how does it work?” The underlying concepts are that in expressive arts therapies, people can understand and respond to their emotions and thoughts with a valuable new perspective, and that artistic expression is good for mental health.
During a session, an art therapist works with clients to understand what is causing them distress. Then the therapist guides the client to create art that addresses the cause of their issue. During a session, art therapists:
- Describe the goal of art therapy
- Explain that clients don’t have to think of themselves as creative or artistic to benefit
- Help the client choose and use a medium, such as drawing, sculpture, collage, or painting
- Guide the client through expressing themselves through art, usually by asking questions
- Discuss the results, both the work of art and what the client felt
- Plan for another session or for the client to work on their own
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Does Art Therapy Work?
How does art therapy work for mental health? Because we don’t fully understand how the brain works, we can’t fully understand how art therapy itself works, but studies have shown that it can help many mental health conditions.
There’s growing evidence that art therapy helps conditions that relate to mood, such as anxiety and depression, trauma, low self-esteem, and similar disorders. It is also effective for people with a serious health condition, such as cancer, and for people working to develop effective coping skills, including prison inmates. Art therapy can also help people who are experiencing physical pain during hospitalization. Evidence also shows that it can be effective for post-traumatic stress disorder.
Because art therapy is relatively new, the evidence is promising but limited for art therapy’s effectiveness for serious mental conditions.
Can Art Therapy Cause Harm?
Art therapy, like other forms of therapy, can cause harm. Potential negative effects include:
- Higher levels of stress or anxiety
- Surfacing emotions without effectively processing them
- Difficulty coping if therapy is abruptly terminated
If art therapy is ineffective, it means that the patient’s issues cannot be fully addressed. This often increases the patient’s distress and may even make a patient resistant to other, better-suited forms of therapy.
Many clients are reluctant to explore art therapy because they think that they have to have artistic talent for it to work, see it as “arts and crafts” rather than an effective tool, or are otherwise unconvinced that it can help them. This limits the effectiveness of art therapy for these clients.
Art therapy is new, so there’s not enough evidence to establish which conditions it helps and when it is more effective than other forms of therapy. Patients with serious mental conditions should consider adding art therapy to their treatment rather than using only art therapy.
Frequently Asked Questions
How does art therapy help children?
Many children find it easier to express their emotions through drawing, painting, or other artistic forms than through words. An art therapist can use the child’s art to better understand the child’s emotional responses and thoughts. They can guide the child to use creativity to deal with emotional issues.
How can I find art therapy near me?
You can find a certified art therapist through the Art Therapy Credentials Board. Certification doesn’t guarantee that an art therapist will be right for you, but it does show that the therapist meets professional education standards, including a master’s art therapy degree or equivalent counseling degree, and passed the certification examination.
If there is not an art therapist near you, you can ask if your prospective therapist uses creative techniques as part of their practice.
How can I become an art therapist?
To become a certified art therapist, you can earn an undergraduate art therapy degree or other related degree with coursework in art therapy and art. You can then earn a master’s degree in art therapy or in a related field such as counseling, with coursework in art therapy.
The American Art Therapy Association lists applicable state licenses.
Is art therapy evidence based?
There’s a growing body of evidence that art therapy works for many mental health conditions, though there aren’t many large-scale randomized control trials.
Board-certified art therapists are trained to identify and use evidence-based practice. They also are required to participate in continuing education.
Is Art Therapy a Good Fit?
Researchers don’t have a solid answer to the question “How does art therapy work?” There’s no way to tell for certain whether art therapy is a good fit for any given client. No form of therapy is one-size-fits-all, and a client and therapist may need to explore different approaches before finding the right one.
A client may need to consider several therapists before picking one. As a potential client, ask about:
- The therapist’s experience with your particular mental health concern
- Which kinds of art the therapist uses
- How the therapist works with clients with your level of artistic experience
- What outcomes to expect from art therapy
You should be able to tell in 1-3 sessions if art therapy works for you.
Art Therapy Certification
Your first step is either becoming a provisional registered art therapist or a registered art therapist (ATR). You must have a master’s degree (including an internship and practicum) in art therapy or a related field, coursework in art therapy, and be currently practicing under an approved supervisor.
To become an ATR, you must meet the same educational requirements and have practiced independently as an art therapist. Once you are an ATR, you can pass the national board exam to become a board-certified art therapist.
Some mental health professionals will add art therapy activities and other creative approaches to supplement traditional talk therapy. The certification is not needed to use these methods, but it is needed to claim status as an art therapist speciality.
Reviewed by:
Rayelle Davis, M.Ed., LCPC, NCC, BC-TMH
Rayelle Davis is a nationally board-certified counselor, a licensed clinical professional counselor, and a board-certified telemental health provider. She earned her associate degree in psychology at Allegany College of Maryland. She went on to earn her bachelor’s degree in psychology online at the University of Maryland Global Campus. Davis then earned her master’s degree in counseling education with a concentration in marriage, couples, and family therapy from Duquesne University.
She has taught several undergraduate psychology courses. She is currently a doctoral candidate at Duquesne University where she has also worked as an adjunct instructor and clinical supervisor for master’s students. She practices psychotherapy at her private practice in Maryland.
Rayelle Davis is a paid member of the Red Ventures Education freelance review network.
Page last reviewed February 7, 2022
EXAMPLE ACTIVITIES
IN ADVERTISING
On occasion, non-art therapist practitioners might be found to advertise their services as “art therapy.” This is an inaccurate use of the term, as art therapy can only be practiced by an individual who possesses the required training, certification, and/or state licensure. Bona fide art therapy is beyond the scope of practice of non-art therapists.
IN WORKSHOPS
Another context in which art therapy may be inaccurately categorized includes professional trainings that furnish a certificate upon completion, which may mislead the participant to believe that he or she can practice art therapy. These sorts of trainings, workshops, and the like, give attendees the erroneous impression that art therapy is a modality rather than a profession.
To prevent this problem, facilitators are advised to adhere to the AATA’s Ethical Principles: “When providing training and/or supervision to non-art therapists, art therapists take precautions to ensure that trainees understand the nature, objectives, expectations, limitations, and resulting qualifications of the supervision and/or training as distinct from formal studies in art therapy” (8.6). As such, a disclaimer should be used to alert attendees accordingly.
Art therapy is a specialized area of mental health that uses art materials and the creative process to explore emotions, reduce anxiety, increase self-esteem, and resolve other psychological conflicts. The American Art Therapy Association states that art therapy can be an effective mental health treatment for individuals who have experienced depression, trauma, medical illness, and social difficulties. Making art in therapy can be a way to achieve personal insight as well as healing.
There’s more to art therapy than simply “drawing your feelings.” Art therapists are trained to lead people through the creative process in a therapeutic way. Just as your doctor may prescribe a medication or behavioral change to aid your physical healing, your art therapist offers art-based therapy interventions that are tailored to your needs. As with every aspect of therapy, the choice to engage with specific types of materials will ultimately be up to you.
“Art washes from the soul the dust of everyday life.” —Pablo Picasso
In this article, we’ll take a look at some of the top questions people have about art therapy.
Q: Do I need art training or experience to participate in art therapy?
A: No art experience is necessary for you. Your art therapist is highly trained in visual art as well as psychology, and he or she will guide you in the process of creating art using specific types of materials. All you need is a willingness to experiment and explore.
Q: What kind of training should my art therapist have?
A: Art therapy is a profession that requires at least a master’s degree in a program with specific art therapy components.
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Q: What kind of art will I make in art therapy?
A: It depends on your interests as well as the therapeutic benefits of certain types of art for your situation. Art therapy can include a wide range of art materials and processes. Your sessions could potentially include activities such as working with clay, painting, making a mask, creating a visual journal, and assembling a collage. Most often, the focus will be on the process rather than creating a finished art product.
Q: Do I get to keep the artwork that I make in art therapy? Will the art therapist show it to anyone else?
A: Your artwork is your creation and always belongs to you. Some people choose to keep the finished artwork, while others may decide to leave it in the care of the art therapist. Your art therapist will not show your artwork to anyone without your permission. The code of ethics followed by art therapists specifies that an art therapist must safeguard a client’s art creations the same way he/she would protect any other privileged information.
Q: Why are some art materials more appropriate for my situation than others? What does it mean to have an art therapist prescribe an art process for me?
A: Art materials have inherent healing qualities, but some are more appropriate for certain types of situations. For example, there is a therapeutic difference between using colored pencils, which are very dry and controlled, as opposed to watercolor paint, which is extremely wet and difficult to control. Your art therapist has specialized training in assessing which materials to suggest based on the issues you are facing, your frame of mind during the session, and other factors. Art therapists also have an extensive personal background in studio art, making them personally familiar with the use of specific types of art materials so that they can guide you through any difficulties that may arise in the creative process.
Q: Will the art therapist “interpret” my artwork?
A: Art therapists can use a variety of approaches, just as counselors or psychotherapists may utilize different approaches. It is not customary for a therapist to interpret your art. In a humanistic or transpersonal approach to art therapy, the focus will be on the personal meaning that you find within your own creative work, rather than an arbitrary meaning imposed by the therapist. You are the expert on your own artwork and creative process, and the art therapist’s role is to facilitate explorations of your work rather than to analyze or interpret it.
Reference:
Pablo Picasso Quotes—Art as Therapy. (2010, October 10). Retrieved May 6, 2013, from quotes: http://www.arttherapyblog.com/c/art-quotes/#ixzz2SYtZgGua
© Copyright 2013 GoodTherapy.org. All rights reserved. Permission to publish granted by Douglas Mitchell, LMFT
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