Abstract Different physiological and pathological conditions can perturb protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum, leading to a condition known as ER stress. ER stress activates
Figure 1.Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) homeostasis/stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling in physiopathologic conditions. The UPR consists of three signaling pathways initiated by detachment
Cancer cells rely on high levels of ER stress response to deal with misfolded proteins and rapid growth. Excessive and prolonged UPR activation has been