Figure 1.Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) homeostasis/stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling in physiopathologic conditions. The UPR consists of three signaling pathways initiated by detachment
Treatment approaches for cancer, for example chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or immunotherapy, primarily act by inducing cell death in cancer cells. Consequently, the inability to trigger cell
NF-κB has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), multiple sclerosis, atherosclerosis,
Cancer cells rely on high levels of ER stress response to deal with misfolded proteins and rapid growth. Excessive and prolonged UPR activation has been